The study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the demographic transition Chile is experiencing—characterized by low fertility, increased longevity, and rapid population aging—identifying its causes and effects on economic growth and productivity, and formulating public policy recommendations to address the challenges this process presents.
In 2024, the Total Fertility Rate fell to 1.03 children per woman, placing the country among the world’s lowest-birth-rate countries. This combination of fewer births and greater longevity reduces the working-age population and increases old-age dependency, with direct effects on labor supply, savings, investment, and potential economic growth.